Ultrasociety: How 10,000 Years of War Made Humans the Greatest Cooperators on Earth
Peter Turchin
Language: English
Pages: 272
ISBN: 0996139516
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
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History of Warfare. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 130. This was the subtitle of the previous volume edited by Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare: The Triumph of the West (1995). 131. Parker, G., Ed. (2005). The Cambridge History of Warfare. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, from the book description. 132. King, J. (1809). The Voyages of Captain James Cook Round the World. Volume 7, Book 5. Captain King’s Journal of the
rewards went to Skilling and others in the top management layers—in the year before Enron’s collapse, Skilling earned $132 million. Officially, the system that Skilling imposed on Enron was known as the PRC, or Performance Review Committee. But the employees called it “Rank and Yank.” “Despite the widespread hatred of the system inside Enron’s headquarters,” writes Robert Bryce in Pipe Dreams: Skilling thought it was great. He told one reporter, “The performance evaluation was the most
as their collective institutions, are eliminated. The winning group may expand into the territory of the vanquished, or perhaps send a colony there. In either case, the cultural traits of the winning group spread at the expense of the losers. It’s brutal and ugly, but this is one way in which cultural evolution can play out. Cultural evolution can also take gentler forms, however. One alternative to genocide is ethnocide, or culturicide. This is when the losing group is not physically
according to the Lives of the Prophets, most Old Testament prophets lived to a ripe old age, because they were no longer isolated voices. Some enjoyed a good deal of social support. And so did the Buddha, Confucius, and, later, Paul the Apostle. “It seems apparent that some degree of unease about the state of the world must have been relatively widespread, even among the elite,” remarks Bellah.172 Something about the Axial Age must have brought a shift in the social environment, tilting the field
drove this shift—the new religions that arose during the Axial Age. Within Europe, human sacrifice lingered longest in Scandinavia. For example, we know of sacrifices held at Gamla (Old) Uppsala during the Viking Age, thanks to the medieval chronicler Adam of Bremen. Such pagan practices were finally stamped out by Christianity—well before the Age of Reason. It would be hard to argue that these developments were accompanied by any independent increase in intellectual