Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations (Nano and Energy)
Gavin Buxton
Language: English
Pages: 302
ISBN: 1482217031
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
Alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly important in a world striving for energy independence, clean air, and a reprieve from global warming. Solar cells, wind power, and biofuels are some of the competing alternative energy sources hoping to gain a foothold in our future energy mix, and the economic advantages of these technologies are continually increasing as costs are reduced and efficiencies increased.
Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations
explores the science and engineering behind a number of emerging alternative energy technologies, including polymer solar cells, algae biofuels, and artificial leaves. It also addresses the environmental need for these technologies. However, unlike its predecessors, this book employs simple computer models implemented within spreadsheet environments to simulate different aspects of the alternative energy technologies and therefore teach the subject matter.
This unique approach:
- Provides a dual introduction to alternative energy technologies and computer simulation
- Elucidates the fundamental behaviors and complex interactions within the alternative energy systems
- Makes computer simulation straightforward and accessible to readers with no prior programming experience
Featuring investigative exercises that deepen understanding and inspire further research, Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations makes an ideal introductory textbook for undergraduate students and a valuable professional reference for experimental researchers.
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might be taken from the simulation and fed into a separate program that can be used to generate the plots. There is a large number of software programs that can be used for plotting scientific data, and they all usually require the data to be entered in a specific manner. Some software is commercial and requires the user to purchase a copy. Similar to Excel, which must be purchased from Microsoft, Matlab and Mathematica are available from Mathworks and Wolfram, respectively. While these software
in the spreadsheet from the middle section, containing the current concentrations (as constant values), to the bottom section which contains the concentrations at the next time step (calculated). The middle section contains constant values of concentrations which are copied and pasted (only values) from the bottom section. Note that this snapshot of the spreadsheet is a few iterations into the simulation, and the values in the middle section around the smock stack can be seen. The top of the
ǫ ∂ φ ∂x = −q(p − n) (4.7) 131 Solar Cells 1 ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂n =G−R− qnµn φ − kβ T µn n ∂t q ∂x ∂x ∂x (4.8) 1 ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂p =G−R− −qpµp φ − kβ T µp p ∂t q ∂x ∂x ∂x (4.9) Discretizing the above equations starts with Scharfetter-Gummel method, which provides an optimum way to discretize the drift-diffusion equations. The Scharfetter-Gummel method considers the local current in charge carriers, which depends on the drift and diffusion of charge carriers, and locally replaces this with the analytical
field, and vice versa, a change in the magnetic field causes a change in the electric field. The magnitude of the signal is not depicted as the size of the stimulus is somewhat arbitrary. The functional form of the differentiated Gaussian can be clearly be seen as the signal propagates. Looking at this propagation a little closer, Figure 4.25 depicts the electric field at times of 1 fs, 1.6 fs, and 2.2 fs. After 1 fs the differentiated Gaussian pulse has been created and is propagating to the
Far downstream the pressure in the fluid is assumed to have equilibrated with atmospheric pressure, but the velocity of 177 Wind power the air flow is reduced to vwake . In other words, applying Bernoulli’s equation downstream from the wind turbine gives us the following equation 1 1 2 2 ρ (v∞ (1 − a)) + P = ρvwake + Patm 2 2 (5.4) Combining these two, and canceling terms, allows us to obtain an expression for the pressure difference across the rotor plane. ∆P = 1 2 2 ρ v∞ − vwake 2 (5.5)
