A Critical History and Philosophy of Psychology: Diversity of Context, Thought, and Practice
Richard T. G. Walsh
Language: English
Pages: 728
ISBN: 0521691265
Format: PDF / Kindle (mobi) / ePub
In line with the British Psychological Society's recent recommendations for teaching the history of psychology, this comprehensive undergraduate textbook emphasizes the philosophical, cultural and social elements that influenced psychology's development. The authors demonstrate that psychology is both a human (i.e. psychoanalytic or phenomenological) and natural (i.e. cognitive) science, exploring broad social-historical and philosophical themes such as the role of diverse cultures and women in psychology, and the complex relationship between objectivity and subjectivity in the development of psychological knowledge. The result is a fresh and balanced perspective on what has traditionally been viewed as the collected achievements of a few 'great men'. With a variety of learning features, including case studies, study questions, thought experiments and a glossary, this new textbook encourages students to critically engage with chapter material and analyze themes and topics within a social, historical and philosophical framework.
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abstract theorizing was derived from narrow experiments on one species. Section conclusionWith Tolman’s retrieval of “mentalistic” terms and his and Hull’s insertion of motivation into the behaviourist equation, Watson’s S–R theory crumbled. Beyond its scientific merits, as a US cultural product (Bakan, 1998), behaviourism also might have been successful for socioeconomic and religious reasons. Behaviourists persuaded society’s power-brokers that prediction and control were essential for
Gesell’s tables of developmental milestones of children’s behaviour. However, he did not deny environmental effects on learning. In fact, socialist, progressivist, and eugenics positions co-existed in his thinking, and Gesell remained a leading advocate for child, school, and mental hygiene (Harris, 2011). Murphy’s conceptionInfluenced by Lewin’s field theory, Murphy integrated developmental, personality, and social-psychological concepts in studying children’s interpersonal behaviour (Pandora,
individuals. Floyd Allport’s conception of the behaviour of individuals interacting in small groups also reflected his individualistic orientation, whereas Kurt Lewin studied small-group behaviour in terms of group dynamics. After World War II the individualistic orientation in social psychology prevailed, enhanced by the emergence of social cognition (see Chapter 7). Part 7 Psychology and the social order Between the wars while natural-science Psychology was still a young science, its
voluminous set of validating data, produced by a powerful single-subject methodology. But his esteemed status in US Psychology and society arguably rests more on his symbolizing impressive psychological applications in a psychologically inclined culture than on his science (Rutherford, 2009). Unlike other behaviourists, he created a simple technology for reliably producing behavioural baselines in real-life situations. Operant behaviourism offers many applications for modifying behaviour,
especially regarding interpretations of ancient thought (Rossetti, 2004). By addressing this research we clear up some long-standing misinterpretations, however, for the most part we present conventional ideas on the history of philosophy relevant to psychological inquiry. We start with the ancient Greek philosophers: abstract descriptions of nature introduced by the presocratics, the Socratic method of inquiry, the psychological views of Plato, along with a differing orientation espoused by the
